Table 3 Dietary intake of nutrients among DAQS

Macronutrients

Energy (kcal/d)

1935.22 ± 406.16

2599.32 ± 394.34

< 0.001

-

Carbohydrates (g/d)

262.73 ± 55.91

329.01 ± 63.74

< 0.001

< 0.001

Protein (g/d)

73.17 ± 13.14

86.75 ± 15.80

< 0.001

0.62

Total fat (g/d)

71.79 ± 20.49

111.22 ± 27.88

< 0.001

< 0.001

Cholesterol (mg/d)

214.31 ± 74.69

286.84 ± 100.02

< 0.001

0.45

Micronutrients

Vitamin B1 (mg/d)

1.51 ± 0.46

1.92 ± 0.48

< 0.001

0.06

Vitamin B2 (mg/d)

1.81 ± 0.44

2.05 ± 0.50

< 0.001

0.04

Vitamin B3 (mg/d)

20.53 ± 4.96

25.26 ± 5.54

< 0.001

0.66

Vitamin B6 (mg/d)

1.83 ± 0.39

1.96 ± 0.52

0.02

0.29

Vitamin C (mg/d)

136.42 ± 65.40

141.37 ± 109.44

0.64

< 0.001

Vitamin D (μg/d)

1.62 ± 0.92

2.38 ± 1.01

< 0.001

0.03

Vitamin E (mg/d)

8.92 ± 3.12

15.12 ± 4.33

< 0.001

< 0.001

Vitamin A (μg/d)

683.70 ± 287.16

753.43 ± 328.69

< 0.001

< 0.001

Minerals

Folate (IU/day)

499.58 ± 123.59

563.10 ± 127.20

< 0.001

0.65

Se (μg/d)

92.78 ± 28.94

128.32 ± 39.60

< 0.001

0.51

Fe (mg/d)

43.54 ± 30.59

39.13 ± 27.41

0.22

0.02

Ca (mg/d)

1277 ± 486.61

1254.92 ± 461.89

0.70

0.09

Mg (mg/d)

370.27 ± 84.73

435.33 ± 138.76

< 0.001

0.07

Zn (mg/d)

10.37 ± 2.10

12.47 ± 2.90

< 0.001

0.05