Table 3 Dietary intakes, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics of study participants across quartiles of HBI

Age, y

50.00(11.12)

49.30(9.53)

47.50(9.86)

47.13(10.64)

0.071

BMI ^b, kg/m²

30.05(4.84)

30.19(4.82)

28.82(5.08)

28.19(5.06)

0.002

Waist- circumference (cm)

100.33(11.67)

100.31(10.40)

97.25(12.40)

98.43(12.36)

0.004

Physical Activity (Met.h/wk)

31.85(5.07)

33.17(5.67)

32.48(5.27)

34.24(6.33)

0.005

HBI score

49.76(2.54)

56.72(0.99)

62.05(2.46)

69.87(2.93)

<0.001

Nutrients

Energy (Kcal/d)

2405.34( 672.81)

2453.33(536.50)

2770.06(754.04)

2923.64(839.70)

<0.001

Carbohydrate (g/d)

312.08(83.64)

345.64(84.22)

377.98(102.59)

407.78(116.36)

<0.001

Protein (g/d)

74.10(21.35)

81.71(17.56)

90.06(25.60)

95.94(29.38)

<0.001

Fat (g/d)

101.96(48.07)

89.97(30.31)

105.71(40.69)

109.78(40.52)

0.025

SFA (g/d)

32.16(12.89)

29.57(9.35)

32.19 (11.82)

34.25(11.39)

0.109

MUFA (g/d)

30.60(17.78)

26.35(10.69)

29.01(12.04)

30.23(12.11)

0.233

PUFA (g/d)

22.89(16.09)

19.39(9.04)

23.19(12.51)

24.08(11.52)

0.131

Cholesterol (mg/d)

268.59(148.16)

292.50(165.02)

271.42(97.20)

316.48(162.35)

0.155

Fiber(g/d)

29.77(13.21)

34.88(13.59)

44.49(20.72)

45.89(22.91)

<0.001

Sodium (mg/d)

4063.84(1858.10)

4263.78(1730.25)

4879.33(1827.03)

4755.84(1883.0.94)

0.021

Potassium (mg/d)

3375.61(999.07)

3745.32(911.08)

4383.42(1284.72)

4661.49(1426.13)

<0.001

Calcium (mg/d)

1158.34(446.77)

1201.60(378.72)

1368.45(474.45)

1464.71(541.02)

<0.001

Magnesium (mg/d)

323.89(87.12)

367.82(108.12)

416.30(138.65)

440.61(139.64)

<0.001

Zinc(mg/d)

10.88(3.58)

11.68(2.70)

13.28(4.19)

14.03(4.58)

<0.001

Vitamin C(mg/d)

128.89(67.77)

152.87(62.61)

206.81(89.09)

223.87(93.55)

<0.001

Folate (mcg/d)

406.95(116.79)

463.93(171.47)

501.80(159.60)

531.78(190.32)

<0.001

VitaminB12 (mcg/d)

5.61(4.16)

5.46(3.08)

6.69(3.84)

6.95(4.83)

<0.001

Vitamin E (mg/d)

19.86(23.22)

16.95(9.62)

21.33(14.44)

21.29(11.44)

0.303

Vitamin D (mcg/d)

1.42(1.64)

1.94(1.74)

4.14(6.86)

2.68(2.02)

<0.001

Food groups

Vegetables (g/d)

241.20 (94.48)

270.25(113.82)

328.83(133.72)

363.06(177.40)

<0.001

Fruits(g/d)

344.37(199.86)

396.26(189.53)

518.85(247.79)

579.18(261.65)

<0.001

Fish (g/d)

8.65(9.20)

10.82(8.82)

22.06(35.96)

13.79(11.08)

<0.001

Nuts (g/d)

7.18(5.59)

8.42(10.15)

13.82(15.86)

13.20(11.32)

<0.001

Red & processed meat (g/d)

29.52(30.65)

30.21(17.51)

34.98(25.60)

30.16(19.29)

0.496

Dairy foods (g/d)

491.88(308.01)

476.5766(282.66)

528.04(362.37)

563.24(342.37)

0.368

Sugar-sweetened beverages (g/d)

65.31(78.68)

67.46(78.57)

62.84(57.97)

73.06(65.65)

0.833

Grains and starches (g/d)

378.84(179.73)

436.96(252.28)

404.57(176.80)

428.71(202.40)

0.315