Table 4 Findings from quantitative studies that reported factors affecting PrEP use (n=6)

Mayanja, Y et al. [58] Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2020), 2022

AGYW (14-24), prospective cohort, n=265

Uganda

PrEP initiation

Identify factors associated with PrEP initiation

PrEP initiation = 30.6% (n=81). Had 2–9 sex partners in past 3 months Vs 1 sexual partner (aRR^k = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.20–4.63) and ≥10 partners (aRR 4.70, 95% CI 2.41–9.17), preferred oral PrEP Vs not (aRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.19), separated/divorced vs single (aRR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04–2.33, p=0.002), aged 20-24 at enrollment vs 14-19 (aRR 1.07, 95% CI 0.74,1.54)

Primary reason for declining PrEP (n=184/265). 33.7% low HIV risk perception, 27.2% dislike for daily pills, 21.7% not ready, 12.5% preference for other methods (e.g. Condom), 2.7% side effects, and 2.2% stigma

Giovenco, D et al. [60] Oct. 2016 to 18, 2022

AGYW (16-25) randomized open-label PrEP trial, n=409

South Africa and Zimbabwe

PrEP use at 3 and 6 months

Effect of self-reported IPV in the year before PrEP initiation on adherence over the 1^st 6 months on PrEP

<21 years: Evidence of PrEP use at 3 months no IPV^l= 26.1% vs experienced any IPV = 11.5% (aRR=0.43 95%CI 0.22, 0.86; p=0.016)

>21 years: Evidence of PrEP use at 3 months no IPV = 16% vs experienced IPV 33.9% (aRR=2.21, 95%CI 1.34,3.66; p=0.002)

de Dieu Tapsoba, J et al. [61] Oct. 2018 and April 2019, 2022

AGYW (18-24) Cohort study; n= 336^m

Kenya

PrEP discontinuation between June 2019 and January 2020

Factors associated with discontinuing PrEP

Factors associated with persisters but nonadherent vs. discontinued PrEP (n=144): older age >22 years (aOR 2.13, 95%CI, 1.01,4.49], p=0.048), more likely to be active in DREAMS program(aORⁿ 3.85[95%CI 1.07 to13.82], p=0.039), think they would be at moderate-to-high risk of HIV if not taking PrEP (aOR10.17, [95%CI 5.14 to 20.13], p<0.001) and more likely to use injectable contraceptives (aOR 3.28, [95% CI 1.4 to 7.67], p=0,006)The primary reason for PrEP discontinuation (n=105): lifestyle demand (returning to school, being away from home)(30.5%), stockouts (24.8%), side effects, pill burden, pill packaging (24.7%), low HIV risk perception(18.1%)

Ohiomoba, R et al. [62] 2021, 2022

AGYW (15-24) Retrospective cohort; n=549

Kenya

PrEP discontinuation Mar 2017 and Dec 2019

Factors associated with PrEP stopping and persistence.

Common reason for stopping PrEP age >18, change in perceived HIV risk (22.3%) and relocation (20.5%) for AGYW age <18, a change in perceived HIV risk (56.6%), family refusal (11.3%)

Velloza, J et al. [63] 2016 to 2018, 2021

AGYW(16-25) a randomized open-label trial, n=423^o

South Africa and Zimbabwe

PrEP use at Weeks 13, 26, and 52 post-initiation.

Time-varying depressive symptoms on effective PrEP use

55.2% of visits had detectable levels of PrEP among AGYW with elevated depressive symptoms vs 59.4% with no/mild depressive symptoms (aRR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.99; p=0.04)^p

Sila, J et al. [59] Jun. 2017 to Oct. 2018 2020

AGYW (15-24) Survey, n=470

Kenya

PrEP initiation

Identify factors associated with PrEP initiation

Characteristics associated with PrEP initiation(n=20/470) Vs decline: had a partner of unknown/positive HIV status (^qPR=6.05, 95%CI 1.83,20.01; p=0.003), condomless sex (last 6 months) (PR=1.21 95%CI 1.02, 1.44; p=0.033), alcohol use (past 30 days) (PR=2.17, 95% CI 1.43,3.33; p<0.001), unmarried/not living with a partner (PR=0.55,95%CI, 0.31,0.98; P=0.041), experienced IPV (PR=4.85, 95% CI 1.03,22.73; p=0.045),^r high self-perceived HIV risk (PR=1.65 95%CI, 1.41,1.99; P<0.001), ^sthose with partner age difference >10 years (PR=6.57 95%CI, 2.35,18.370; P<001), had a partner who has other sexual partners (PR=2.31, 95% CI 1.83-2.92, p<0.001), high behavioral HIV risk (PR=1.75, 95%CI 1.24,2.46; P=0.001), high self-efficacy to take daily medication (PR=0.74,95%CI, 0.09,6.43; P=0.003), low social support (PR=2.01, 95%CI, 1.63,2.48; P<0.001), depressive symptoms (PR=5.36, 95%CI2.62,10.95; P<0.001)