Table 2 Multi-level multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with knowledge of the ovulatory cycle

Fixed effect results

Individual level variables

Formal education

No education (RC)

Primary

1.85(1.01–3.39)

1.70(0.91–3.16)

Secondary/Higher

3.19(1.78–5.15)***

2.36(1.26–4.43)**

Marriage

Never married(RC)

Married

1.09(0.74–1.64)

1.15(0.77–1.73)

Employment Status

Unemployed (RC)

Employed

0.97(0.79–1.19)

1.00(0.81–1.24)

Wealth Status

Poor(RC)

Middle

1.09(0.83–1.44)

1.05(0.79–1.41)

Rich

1.45 (1.10–1.89)**

1.38(0.99–1.91)

Children ever born

No children (RC)

1 to 3 children

1.91(1.34–2.73)***

2.01(1.40–2.89)***

Contraceptive use

Don’t use (RC)

Modern

1.32(0.96–1.80)

1.33(0.98–1.82)

Traditional

2.31(1.49–3.57)***

2.36(1.52–3.67)***

Menstruated in last six weeks

No(RC)

Yes

1.83(0.98–3.40)

2.01(1.08–3.75)**

Media exposure to family planning messages

No (RC)

Yes

1.92(1.54–2.38)***

1.89(1.52–2.35)***

Place of residence

Community level variables

Urban(RC)

Rural

0.90(0.68–1.19)

0.98(0.73–1.33)

Community literacy level

Low (RC)

Medium

1.43(1.02–2.02)**

1.21(0.83–1.78)

High

1.97(1.49–2.59)***

1.62(1.14–2.31)**

Community socioeconomic status

Low(RC)

High

1.10(0.81–1.51)

0.93(0.67–1.29)

Random effect results

PSU/Cluster Variance[95%CI]

1.07[0.77–1.49]

0.91[0.64–1.31]

1.03[0.74–1.44]

0.92[0.65–1.32]

ICC

0.25

0.22

0.24

0.22

LR Test

χ²  = 111.96***

82.41***

104.66***

83.00***

Wald X²

Ref

114.78***

29.32**

121.50***

Model specification diagnosis

Log likelihood

-1525.20

-1462.61

-1509.90

-1458.23

AIC

3054.40

2951.22

3031.81

2950.47

BIC

3066.30

3028.57

3067.51

3051.61