Table 1 Cost parameters of Markov model

Breast cancer

 Screening

CBE

0.93

[29]

BUS

9.30

MAM

24.81

Diagnosis

167.44

 Hospitalization

DCIS

3622.33

[20]

Breast cancer stage 1

4131.78

Breast cancer stage 2

4471.63

Breast cancer stage 3

4552.56

Breast cancer stage 4

4043.26

 Treatment (1 year)

DCIS

186.98

[25]

Breast cancer stage 1

1816.59

Breast cancer stage 2

2162.17

Breast cancer stage 3

2097.98

Breast cancer stage 4

2220.78

Management

3.10

[30]

Transportation

1.24

[31]

Cervical cancer

 Screening

TCT

11.01

[32,33,34]

HPV

12.56

HPV|TCT

23.57

HPV&TCT

23.57

HPV triage after primary TCT screening

13.80

TCT triage after primary HPV screening

11.63

 Diagnosis

Colposcope

5.12

[33]

Biopsy

7.29

 Treatment

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure

1201.86

[16, 33]

Hysterectomy

3140.00

Average hospitalization cost (USD/day)

4315.19

Average length of stay (days)

2.33

Management

3.10

[30]

Transportation

1.24

[31]