Factors influencing surgical anxiety and postoperative pain: a comprehensive evaluation of psychological and gynecological determinants

Table 2 Comparison of preoperative psychological assessment scores between groups

Variable	All participants (n = 114)	Low surgical anxiety (n = 56)	High surgical anxiety (n = 58)	P-value
Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire
Total score‡	10.66 ± 7.96	3.61 ± 3.11	17.47 ± 4.49	< 0.001
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10-PDS)
Total score†	31 (16–81)	28 (16–51)	37 (17–81)	< 0.001
Cut-off level*				< 0.001
- Normal	45 (39.5%)	31 (55.4%)	14 (24.1%)
- High	69 (60.5%)	25 (44.6%)	44 (75.9%)
General Health Questionnaire-12
Total score†	10 (0–35)	8 (0–23)	15 (3–35)	< 0.001

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum-maximum), or n (%). *Chi-square test; †Mann-Whitney U test; ‡Student’s t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant

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