The effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory in improving reproductive health protective behaviors: a quasi-experimental study

Japalaghi, Zahra; Bahrami, Asieh; Beiranvand, Reza; Soltaninejad, Hossein; Varseh, Mahdieh; Sharifi, Nader

doi:10.1186/s12905-025-03680-9

Table 3 Evaluation of the change in the mean scores of PTM constructs and behavior of participating during the study according to the groups under study

From: The effect of educational intervention based on protection motivation theory in improving reproductive health protective behaviors: a quasi-experimental study

Participants		Before the intervention	After the intervention	Mean difference	Effect size (Cohen's D)	P-Value^a
Perceived susceptibility	Intervention	29.84 ± 4.71	32.59 ± 3.98	2.75 ± 1.00	0.63	0.009
	Control	30.92 ± 3.85	30.36 ± 5.24	−0.56 ± 0.84	0.12	0.512
	Mean difference	−1.08 ± 0.86	2.23 ± 0.93
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.25	0.47
	P-Value^b	0.213	0.019
Perceived severity	Intervention	15.31 ± 2.97	17.00 ± 2.27	1.69 ± 0.59	0.63	0.007
	Control	16.08 ± 2.59	15.02 ± 3.12	−1.06 ± 0.63	0.36	0.100
	Mean difference	−0.77 ± 0.56	1.98 ± 0.55
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.27	0.72
	P-Value^b	0.171	0.001
Perceived rewards	Intervention	12.14 ± 2.06	12.06 ± 2.98	−0.08 ± 0.55	0.03	0.884
	Control	12.42 ± 2.49	11.76 ± 3.53	−0.66 ± 0.60	0.21	0.280
	Mean difference	−0.27 ± 0.46	0.30 ± 0.65
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.12	0.09
	P-Value^b	0.548	0.648
Perceived self-efficacy	Intervention	26.53 ± 3.22	29.06 ± 3.40	2.53 ± 0.61	0.76	< 0.001
	Control	26.62 ± 4.30	27.38 ± 3.82	0.76 ± 0.71	0.18	0.295
	Mean difference	−0.09 ± 0.76	1.68 ± 0.72
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.02	0.46
	P-Value^b	0.907	0.023
Response efficiency	Intervention	18.08 ± 3.80	19.53 ± 3.13	1.44 ± 0.79	0.41	0.074
	Control	17.76 ± 2.43	17.82 ± 3.98	0.06 ± 0.55	0.01	0.915
	Mean difference	0.32 ± 0.64	1.71 ± 0.72
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.10	0.47
	P-Value^b	0.617	0.020
Perceived cost	Intervention	22.20 ± 4.20	22.73 ± 5.08	0.53 ± 0.86	0.11	0.543
	Control	22.74 ± 3.95	22.96 ± 4.51	0.22 ± 0.88	0.05	0.805
	Mean difference	−0.54 ± 0.82	−0.23 ± 0.96
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.13	0.04
	P-Value^b	0.515	0.816
Protection motivation	Intervention	25.00 ± 3.76	28.92 ± 3.58	3.91 ± 0.72	0.82	< 0.001
	Control	25.66 ± 3.49	26.04 ± 4.75	0.38 ± 0.79	0.09	0.634
	Mean difference	−0.66 ± 0.73	2.88 ± 0.84
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.18	0.68
	P-Value^b	0.368	0.001
Fear	Intervention	19.49 ± 2.98	21.10 ± 2.84	1.61 ± 0.56	0.55	0.006
	Control	20.12 ± 2.47	19.56 ± 3.15	−0.56 ± 0.54	0.19	0.306
	Mean difference	−0.63 ± 0.55	1.54 ± 0.60
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.23	0.51
	P-Value^b	0.255	0.012
Behavior	Intervention	22.98 ± 2.92	25.71 ± 3.20	2.73 ± 0.66	0.89	< 0.001
	Control	23.92 ± 2.88	23.86 ± 3.01	0.06 ± 0.66	0.02	0.929
	Mean difference	−0.94 ± 0.58	1.85 ± 0.62
	Effect size (Cohen's D)	0.32	0.59
	P-Value^b	0.111	0.004

^aPaired Sample T-Test
^bIndependent Sample T-Test

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