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Fig. 3 | BMC Women's Health

Fig. 3

From: Association between gynecological cancers and female infertility: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis

Fig. 3

Forest plot showing the causal effects of female infertility on the risk of gynecological cancers using the bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach. Odds ratios are displayed for each gynecological cancer subtype, with 95% confidence intervals depicted by horizontal lines. Multiple MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median, are used to provide robust effect estimates

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BMC Women's Health

ISSN: 1472-6874

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