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Table 2 Analyses of covariance (and planned comparisons) examining the impact of media information on breast cancer concern

From: The impact of objective/sensationalist media on young women’s concern and misconceptions about breast cancer: an experimental study

Negative affect (DV)

F

p

η2

Breast cancer information (IV)

4.77

0.010

0.051

Age (CV)

12.59

< 0.001

0.066

Hist. cancer dx first-degree relatives**(CV)

0.42

0.519

0.002

Cognitive fusion (CV)

4.56

0.34

0.025

Perceived health competence (CV)

6.57

0.011

0.035

Planned Comparisons

Mean (SE)

t

p

Condition 1*

16.68 (0.88)

  

Condition 2*

19.82 (0.87)

  

Condition 3*

20.24 (0.95)

  

Condition 1 vs. Condition 2

 

-2.55

0.012

Condition 1 vs. Condition 3

 

-2.75

0.006

Condition 2 vs. Condition 3

 

-0.32

0.746

Fear of breast cancer (DV)

F

p

η2

Breast cancer information (IV)

5.29

0.006

0.056

Age (CV)

1.23

0.270

0.007

Hist. cancer dx first-degree relatives (CV)

0.03

0.868

0.000

Cognitive fusion (CV)

6.91

0.009

0.037

Perceived health competence (CV)

8.99

0.003

0.048

Planned Comparisons

Mean (SE)

t

p

Condition 1*

20.85 (0.77)

  

Condition 2*

24.11 (0.78)

  

Condition 3*

23.87 (0.85)

  

Condition 1 vs. Condition 2

 

-2.94

0.004

Condition 1 vs. Condition 3

 

-2.60

0.010

Condition 2 vs. Condition 3

 

0.21

0.833

Fatalism (DV)

F

p

η2

Breast cancer information (IV)

7.67

0.001

0.079

Age (CV)

1.37

0.244

0.008

Hist. cancer dx first-degree relatives (CV)

0.00

0.984

0.000

Cognitive fusion (CV)

3.10

0.080

0.017

Perceived health competence (CV)

18.76

< 0.001

0.095

Planned Comparisons

Mean (SE)

t

p

Condition 1*

40.65 (1.26)

  

Condition 2*

44.53 (1.27)

  

Condition 3*

47.97 (1.38)

  

Condition 1 vs. Condition 2

 

-2.17

0.32

Condition 1 vs. Condition 3

 

-5.07

< 0.001

Condition 2 vs. Condition 3

 

-1.83

0.069

  1. Note DV = dependent variable; IV = independent variable; CV = covariate; Cond. = condition; *Participants in condition 1 were exposed to objective information about breast cancer, participants in condition 2 were exposed to sensationalist information about breast cancer featuring a young woman, and participants in condition 3 were exposed to sensationalist information about breast cancer featuring a middle-aged woman; Hist. cancer dx first-degree relatives = History of cancer diagnosis among first-degree relatives